The Pathway to Psychosis - 1433 Words

â€Å"How all occasions do inform against me† is a line from act IIII, scene IIII of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. This line, spoken by Hamlet, expresses his emotional state as he is currently overwhelmed by the death of his father, the king of Denmark, and the situation surrounding it. After Hamlet learns of his father’s death he finds out that his mother has married Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle. On top of all of that, Hamlet soon after discovers that Claudius murdered his father in order to become king, and he takes it upon himself to avenge his father’s death. Throughout the play, the severe stress of the situation seems to take its toll on Hamlet putting him in a depressed state, and eventually over time he grows†¦show more content†¦28-29). Following, childhood trauma was assessed with a questionnaire (Lardinois , Lataster , Mengelers, van Os , Myin-Germeys, 2011, pp. 28-29). The findings of the study show a strong â€Å"interaction† between stress and childhood trauma, thus showing that childhood trauma is associated with â€Å"sensitivity to stress† (Lardinois , Lataster , Mengelers, van Os , Myin-Germeys, 2011, p. 28). While this does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship between childhood trauma and an â€Å"emotional and psychotic† reactivity to stress, it strongly points to the possibility that a history of childhood trauma can lead to an individual reacting emotionally and psychotically to stress (Lardinois , Lataster , Mengelers, van Os , Myin-Germeys, 2011, p. 28). Clearly, there is stress associated with childhood trauma and therefore it is possible that that childhood stress lead these subjects to develop psychosis. A study published in the journal of Psychological Medicine entitled COMT Val158Met moderation of stress-induced psychosis takes a biological approach to the question at hand. This study sought to examine the question of high reactivity to stress seeming to â€Å"represent part of the vulnerability for psychosis† (Stefanis, et al., 2007, p. 1651). The study’s objective was to determine whether a â€Å"functional polymorphism in theShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Between Schizophrenia And Bipolar Spectrum Disorder1518 Words   |  7 Pagespresence of manic or hypomanic episodes as a clear distinction requiring the designation of bipolar spectrum disorder as opposed to negative and positive schizophrenic symptoms; however, similarities in the disorders including etiology, presence of psychosis, and effectiveness of new atypical antipsychotic treatments may present similar neurological psychopathology. Schizoaffective disorder may present only unipolar depressive symptoms along with negative or positive schizophrenic symptoms but bipolarRead MoreEffects Of Drugs On The Central Nervous System1565 Words   |  7 Pages Whenever we do an action that makes us feel better (like eating or consuming drugs), our limbic system triggers the release of dopamine neurotransmitters located in the reward pathway. The brains reward path way includes the prefrontal cortex, n ucleus acumens and the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). The brain reward pathway is triggered by rewarding stimuluses’ like food, water, sex or drugs. (NIHA, 2007) When dopamine is released we feel good, which increases the chance of repeating the action. AfterRead MoreAn Integrated Model Of A Largely Socio Developmental Pathway1022 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence that the incidence of psychosis is elevated among ethnic minorities in the UK (Fearon et al, 2006). 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Such as psychotomimetic effects which are psychosis-like experiences that are experienced by an individual moments after the cannabinoids enter their nervous system. Including but not limited to delusions, hallucinations, and though alienating experiences (Radhakrishnan et al.) This THE EFFECTSRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Neural Pathways And Will Provide Evidence1356 Words   |  6 Pagesone’s cognition and mental health. The main focus within this literacy paper will be -- can marijuana truly have causal links which relate to the occurrence of psychosis? This paper will discuss the effects that marijuana has on the neural pathways and will provide evidence for both â€Å"yes† and â€Å"no† sides regarding the causation of psychosis due to cannabis. Through the given evidences, conclusions will be drawn towards either the â€Å"yes† or the â€Å"no† side and this will answer the question. CannabisRead MoreParkinson s Disease : A Long Term Progressive Neurodegenerative Disease Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesthe diminishing of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway and substantia nigra, which causes inhibition of the thalamus decreasing excitatory input to the motor cortex.1 Along with the key manifestations an individual with Parkinson’s Disease will experience problems associated with the disease or the antiparkinson medications. These co-occurring problems are hallucinations, dementia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depression, and pyschosis.2 Psychosis is a common problem in Parkinson’s Disease, andRead MoreDeveloping Efficient Framework For Social Security Data Mining1606 Words   |  7 Pagesthe social insurance or welfare knowledge. in this antecedently work done on techniques for social insurance data processing. During this paper the term use generate little psychosis for increasing the performance. The performance of trained little psychosis is rechecked will improve performance by combining the little psychosis.. Keywords- Keywords are your own designated keywords which can be used for easy location of the manuscript using any search engines. ____________________________________Read MoreSymptoms Of Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder1322 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Background information: Antipsychotics are primarily used to manage the symptoms of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia and bipolar disorder by blocking D2 receptors in the dopamine pathway of the brain. There are two main types of antipsychotics; typical antipsychotics, also known as the first generation antipsychotics (FGA) which were developed in 1950s, example of medicine in this category include Chloropromazine, Haloperidol, Flupenthixol, and Loxapine. Atypical antipsychotics

Art Education Is Important For Students Essay - 2605 Words

Art Education is very important for students. A growing body of research suggests that the arts offer students a unique, valuable way to grow intellectually, socially and emotionally. These things are all associated with creativity. Schools today want to focus more on the four core classes math, science, english, and social studies which is acceptable for some students who are academically stronger in school. Opposed to the students who have a harder time focusing in school and we see them drawing when they need to be taking notes. Creativity today has become less and less more visible in classrooms in America. Due to the expansion of technology people see that it takes less time to look an idea up on the internet rather than taking the time to come up with something original. According to Pew Research Center of Internet, Science, and Technology â€Å" Today, 68% of U.S. adults own a smartphone, up from 35% in 2011, and tablet computer ownership has edged up to 45% among adults.† They also say â€Å" 86% of those ages 18-26 have smartphones and 73% of teens have or have access to smartphones.† fIn the last decade the use of technology has grown tremendously and has now reached our schools. Computer labs have been in schools since the early seventies computers began to make themselves known in the education field when schools began having computer labs for reading test and essays. Since then most schools have a computer or each student to take notes on or study with, or whatever theyShow MoreRelatedAesthetics, The And Beauty Of Aesthetics1461 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove the inner self to find beauty and appreciate the simple things in life to counter balance the rationalized world around them. Aesthetics is the gateway for you to explore an d use self-imagination and creativity and therefore should become more important in today’s society and incorporated more within our school systems to help our youth understand that there is beauty within our world. As Albert Einstein once stated, â€Å"logic will get you from A to Z, Imagination will take you everywhere†. Today’sRead MoreWhy Liberal Arts Education Matter?1351 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Liberal Arts Education Matter? There is a phenomenon that the number of liberal arts college is declining, which means we are losing liberal arts education. Recently, more and more students focus on scores and getting a degree instead of improving themselves comprehensiveness. Many students think the college degree is more important than knowledge and skills, that’s why they ignore the study of liberal arts. 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Spanning centuries, the political, social, and economic development of European nations, each played an important role the philosophies of art education, which in the long run, affected American ideasRead MoreThe Importance of Funding Music and Art Programs for Young Students Across America1685 Words   |  7 Pagesand art programs in schools are perceived to many as extracurricular activities rather than important subjects that are vital to a students learning and skill development. The truth of the matter i s that encouraging music and art education in public schools has a much larger impact on student’s grades, academic performance, and the economy than the majority people realize. Within the next year city school budgets will be dropping by twenty five percent, and despite the fact that music and art programsRead MoreEducation And Academic Achievement Gap1304 Words   |  6 Pagesof the day for most students fills Anna with complete joy. Why? Anna is on the way to her favorite class—music. Anna enjoys it because she likes to sing, but what she does not know is that the class that she enjoys the most is also extremely beneficial to her academic and social life. Sadly, for many students, art classes are not commonly offered due to cost or the perception that art education is unimportant. Although seen as less important than core subjects, art education should be a part ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Sanford J. Ungar s The New Liberal Arts 978 Words   |  4 PagesNew Liberal Arts† by Sanford J. Ungar is an essay that talks about the benefits and misconeptions of receiving a liberal arts with Ungar on the benefits of students receiving a liberal arts education, but way the current education system is a liberal arts education isn’t the best financial choice to receive is a degree. education. Ungar was the president of a liberal arts education and the essay uses Ungars knowledge of liberal arts education to counteract arguments against students receiving a liberalRead More The Importance of Arts Education Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Arts Education Jane Alexander, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), once said, â€Å"Many children are missing out on something which gives their education context, gives their lives depth and meaning, and prepares them to be the future workforce.† This â€Å"something† that she spoke of is music and art education. Unfortunately, she is entirely correct. We are currently seeing in our country a dramatic cut in arts education curriculum in our public schoolsRead MoreArt Classes Are More Important Than We Think. 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Journey Through English Class Free Essays

string(257) " those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit†\(259 Kirszner\), parts like this along with the reference to the word â€Å"chunky† several times do a great job of illustrating what the group of girls look like in ones head\." When I signed up for this Introduction to Literature course I was not expecting it to be one of the most insightful and interesting classes that I have ever taken. Nevertheless, over the years I have learned to expect the unexpected and that truth held to it’s own with this course. After five years of avoiding any type of English Literature course I knew it was time to finally take one, as did my academic advisor. We will write a custom essay sample on Journey Through English Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now My expectation was that I would be sitting in class watching the clock tick or trying to text message friends to pass the time. Ergo I do not believe my cell phone left its holster all semester. From the very first day of class when I was walking to my car, a classmate and I talked about how we thought it was going to be a great class, and on the last day of class that same student and I talked about how we were actually going to miss it, so our prediction was dead on. Normally the last day of class is a celebration for the fact that everyone is so happy that it is finally over, but that was not the case.I was dreading the fact that we would have to read books and stories that I wasn’t interested in and write about them. I was also worried because I sometimes have a hard time remembering books and things that I read when I am taking a test on the facts of the material. I figured I would be taking long exams on long books and struggling to remember what I read which was one of the reasons why I was not looking forward to any sort of Literature course. I did realize that annotating in the margins and re-reading the stories helped me remember more, but I still don’t think I would be too interested in re-reading a very long book.I have always been a good writer and English Composition courses were never hard for me, although they were never my favorite’s ether. As a Business Management major with a minor in Coaching, math and sports management classes have always grasped me the most. I never exceptionally liked math but have always been a very strong student in it so I thought that business would be a good major for me. Never in a million years would I expect a Literature class to be one of the best classes I have taken though college. The reflective essays were much different then any writing assignments I have previously had.The second page where we were able to write about our own personal connections and feelings was the part that I became very fond of. The chance to relate the work to our own lives was a great way to express myself and it was something that I found myself looking forward to. I am guilty of normally leaving my writing assignments till the last minute when I barely finish them in time to make it to class on-time, but I would often write the reflective essays right after we left class so I would not forget the ideas that I wished to write about.I will discuss how each essay helped me to grow more as a student and how a couple of the pieces really touched me personally next. The first reflective essay was on â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, written by Kate Chopin in 1894. This fittingly was the only essay I did not receive a check plus on showing that I took the mistakes I made in it and improved throughout the semester. I enjoyed the short story and found it to be one of the more ironic pieces that we read. In my essay I talked about one of the lines that came out at me the most. â€Å"And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. (227 Kirszner) This line reached out to me because not only was it the first time in the story that you realize everything is not as it seems, but it is a very sad but true statement that expresses how many married couples may feel. The grammatical problems I had on the first paper had to due with that fact that I was using present tense in the first page and I needed to keep the tone general, with no I’s. I related the shock that she went through with the shock that the people from Haiti were going though on the first page when I should have saved that for the second.The line I liked the most from that story was the very last sentence, â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills†. My reason for that was because it turned the whole story upside-down and made me realize and possibly even her realize that she really did love him. Our second essay was on â€Å"AP†, which was written by John Updike in 1961. The one mistake that I managed to make again in this essay was to simply introduce the work, a mistake I will not make again. I had an instant connection with the main character Sammy in this story because I too worked t a grocery store for my first job and also have had a weakness for beautiful girls as he did. My boss was also very uptight, sexiest and just not a happy person. This made the personal experience section of my paper very easy for me to relate to the story and I was able to talk about the way in which I had also decided to quit that horrible job, the only job I have ever left without two weeks notice. One part of this story that I thoroughly enjoyed was the great detail that Updike would go into.He tells us; â€Å"with a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can with those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit†(259 Kirszner), parts like this al ong with the reference to the word â€Å"chunky† several times do a great job of illustrating what the group of girls look like in ones head. You read "Journey Through English Class" in category "Papers" The next reflective essay I wrote on was that of â€Å"The New York Day Women†, written by Edwidge Danticat in 1991. The part of this story I enjoyed most was the child whom she has a soda â€Å"conspiracy† with, â€Å"The child’s face lights up as she puts the straw in the can for him.This seems to be a conspiracy just between the two of them† (408 Kirszner). I loved that because that part of the day could possibly be the one thing that the boy looks forward to almost every day, small acts of kindness can go a long way. Also this was the first time were my view on the reading completely changed once we had our class discussion. So much so that I almost wanted to re-write my essay even though I received a check plus on it. I had thought that the mother was a mute until I heard everyone else’s view on the reading. My personal favorite piece that we read was â€Å"Cathedral†, written by Raymond Carver in 1983. Carvers writing style reminded me of my uncles favorite author, Ernest Hemingway, whom I have come to enjoy reading as well. His great use of imagery and short sentence structure makes for reading that I thoroughly enjoy. The story intrigued me so much that I went on to read a few more short stories of Carvers. I especially liked a poem I stumbled across called â€Å"Gravy†, which he wrote shortly before his death about his eleven year battle with cancer. Don’t weep for me,† he said to his friends. â€Å"I’m a lucky man. I’ve had ten years longer than I or anyone expected. Pure Gravy. And don’t forget it. † (Carver) This poem made me think of my mother and how tremendously brave and optimistic she has been though her fight with cancer. The reason why I was so captivated by â€Å"Cathedral† was because I almost lost my vision at a young age. One day while I was in the fifth grade, my eyes started to hurt and I found myself squinting just to see. When I eventually went outside the sun hurt so much that I knew I needed to go see the school nurse. As she shined her bright light in my eye she knew that something was not right because of my reaction and the fact that my pupils were not dilating or responding to the light. She had no idea what was wrong with me and I was sent to Hartford Hospital where they also knew little to nothing of what was wrong with me. I remember being extremely scared and worried when the doctors did not know what to tell my parents when we left other than the fact that they were going to run tests on my blood and try to figure it out (I think they took my blood about six times which I was not too happy about).After many trips to the eye specialist and children’s hospital and a drudgingly long two weeks, the doctors found out that I had a very rare condition that had not been diagnosed in Connecticut. So rare, that I surprisingly could not even find the name of the condition on Google. However, after wearing my â€Å"special† sun-glasses inside and out for two weeks they treated me and als o let me know that if I hadn’t come in and seen them right away or hadn’t been wearing my sun-glasses that I would have had a very good chance of damaging my retinas to the point of legal blindness.I am happy to say that I have perfect vision to this day, but anytime I see a blind person I think of what could have been and my heart goes out to them. Obviously it is easy to see how my personal experience related to this story and how it touched me so. I took pleasure in writing about this story and believe I could have written seven pages on â€Å"Cathedral† alone. I felt as though this was my best work of the semester and with little to no corrections on my paper besides the remark â€Å"your best effort yet†, my feeling was confirmed.The ending of the story was the part that will continue to stick with me for many years past this course. â€Å"My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything. â€Å"It’s really something,† I said†. (537 Kirszner) These lines have far more meaning than any words could even begin to describe and I will leave it with the fact that it was one of the most touching and influential endings to a story that I have ever read. The most important thing that I learned in this class was to write about things that I have had a hard time talking about.After I choose to write about a few very touchy subjects and hard times in a couple of my reflective essays, I realized that writing about those hard times really helped to relieve some of the stress and sadness that I have carried with me since I lost my uncle to suicide. Throughout the semester, the word suicide or phrase â€Å"killed themselves† came up more then it normally does in class, or maybe its just that I now always heed those words like never before. In â€Å"Antigone†, Creon and his son Haimon both end up co mmitting suicide. â€Å"Then she must die.But her death will cause another†. (1879 Kirszner) This line by Haimon was the line I chose to talk about in our class discussion and the most influential line of the play for me, personally. At this point, Creon realizes that his decision to have Antigone prosecuted could result in his only son remaining committing suicide. If he changed his decision here and handled the situation differently, then everything could have been resolved, but he could not overcome his own ego and ended up not only losing his son, but his wife and his own life in the end.On our last assignment, â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†, written by Henry James, also entailed the part when the previous governess, Miss Jessell killed herself by jumping off a bridge. It even came up in a few of our class discussions, when we were talking about the school shooting and the signs that the parents might have had to realize that their son might harm himself or others. I found myself distraught during these conversations and I can’t wait for the day when I don’t get upset when talking about suicide, but I was glad that I learned I could go home and write about these times in a journal that I now keep.Hopefully that will help me and I believe that it will also make me a better writer and English student, as I look at writing in a whole new light now. As the class went on I also believe my class participation in discussions rose and I became more and more comfortable with my fellow students. I tend to be quiet around people who I don’t know and I really open up around those whom I am acquainted with. We had quite the group of classmates and I would love to see where everyone ends up ten or so years from now because I believe many of the people in our class are going to be very successful in their journey through life. How to cite Journey Through English Class, Papers

Delegation Example in a Healthcare Setting free essay sample

Eletha Fields Delegation Example in a Healthcare Setting Delegation in the health care setting is very important for the nurses, unlicensed assistive personnel, and for the patients. The delegation of indirect and direct patient care allows the Registered Nurse (RN) to spend more time toward the patient care, education, and patient advocacy. This delegation of patient care helps to improve patient outcomes and increases satisfaction for the patient and the nurse (Snyder, Medina, Bell, Wavra 2004). Nurse delegation is considered a â€Å"professional right and responsibility† requiring a â€Å"skill that must be taught and practiced for nurses to be proficient in using it. † Nurses need both the authority and practice experience to implement delegation† (Reinhard p. 76). Effective delegation can allow the registered nurses to make their best contribution to patients and to the health care system (Snyder et al, 2004). This delegation presentation will show the delegation model, delegation in my workplace, the stakeholders and their roles. Also it will include a plan of action that incorporates communication, conflict resolution, providing feedback, and evaluation of the problems and tasks performed. The delegation model is composed of four cycles. These are assessment, planning, intervening, and evaluation. To start with is the assessment phase of the model, which implies that we, as registered nurses, must assesses the situation, select the right delegate to perform the task, ensure the delegate is competent for the task they are delegated.Also it is important to know the policies and procedure of the place you are employed and to know the job description and expectations of the person of which you are delegating tasks to (Hansten Jackson p. 3-4). After the assessment cycle is complete, we are ready to proceed to the planning cycle. With the planning cycle, it is important to know what goals and outcomes need to be done and met. â€Å"As a practicing professional coordinating a plan of care, you are in the position to prioritize which outcomes are the most important to attain† (Hansten Jackson p. -6). Planning your patients’ tasks and goals will help to make the delegating and choosing the delegate a little easier. The third cycle is intervention. With intervention there are at least three points to consider. One, make sure to â€Å"prioritize and match the job to the delegate† (Hansten Jackson p. 6). Ensure that the task in within the caregiver’s scope of practice and that they have the knowledge and skills required to complete the task. Two, is to know how to communicate effectively with the delegate.Using clear and concise communication is important to ensure the task is carried out correctly. Clearly give the instructions to the caregiver and make sure they understand how to carry out the delegated tasks (Hansten Jackson p. 7). The third is to know conflict resolution. If the delegate is reluctant to do the desired task conflict may occur. Using assertiveness instead of aggression may help to resolve some conflicts (Hansten Jackson p. 4). The final cycle of the delegation model is evaluation. Evaluation and follow-up of the activity means that you oversee the performance and offer feedback to the delegate in terms of an appraisal of his or her performance† (Hansten Jackson p. 7). The licensed professional is responsible for the tasks that are delegated and needs to ensure they are completed and are correct. Following the delegation model of assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation will help registered nurses in their daily delegating duties. This will also help to reach the desired patient and staff outcomes. The registered nurse does the delegation in my workplace.We delegate tasks as the primary nurse to the unlicensed assistive personnel. As the charge nurse, we delegate tasks to other nurses along with the nursing assistants. To the staff nurses’ tasks and physician orders are delegated and to be carried out either by the nurse or the nursing assistant. The primary nurse can decide if the task can be delegated to the nursing assistants. As far as the nursing assistants, they can help with and direct and indirect patient care activities that are delegated to help free the primary nurse for other nursing duties to be completed that cannot. Such tasks for the nursing assistants include: vital signs, obtaining them, reporting them to the nurse, and recording them in the designated place; obtaining daily weights; connecting the telemetry monitor to the patients; measuring intake and output, and recording it in the chart; collecting specimens; helping with daily living activities such as baths, oral care, and changing the linens (Anthony Vidal, 2010). Many other tasks that the nursing assistants can do include feeding the patient; assisting in ambulation, turning and repositioning the patient. These are involved with the direct patient care.They are also able to help with indirect patient care that of which could include cleaning equipment, running errands, delivering supplies, stocking supplies, and some clerical tasks (Snyder et al, 2004). Many stakeholders involved with the care of the patients. The stakeholders are someone who has a vested interest in the care of the patients. These can include the physicians, the nur ses, and the nursing assistants. These professionals care about what happens to the patients and want the best care provided for them. Choosing the right stakeholder for the delegated task is important.It is necessary to make sure that the person who has been assigned the task is competent and skillful to complete the task accurately. Communication and information sharing between the nurse and the assistant is equally important (Anthony Vidal, 2010). Providing feedback to the assistant once the task is performed helps to keep communication between the two staff members. The plan of action for delegation should include communication with the nursing assistant, providing feedback to the assistant, and resolving any conflict that may occur, and evaluation of any problems.Communicating with the stakeholders is important. They need to know exactly what the task is for them to do and be able to complete it correctly. The registered nurse is responsible for the outcome no matter what it is. â€Å"Clearly outlining expectations, giving complete and concise directions for implementation, and providing parameters for following up with the nurse is essential ingredients to successful communication† (Hansten Jackson p. 7). Some tasks the nursing assistant may be reluctant to complete.This could cause some conflict between the nurse and the assistant. â€Å"Being able to be assertive without being aggressive when the response is not the eager and willing â€Å"yes† that we would like is also part of the skill of effective delegation† (Hansten Jackson p. 7). Maintaining open communication with the nursing assistant can help to bypass any conflicts that may occur. If you are not able to resolve the conflict between you and the assistant then going to you clinical manager may have to be another option of conflict resolution.Feedback to the nursing assistant is also important. They need to know if they have performed the tasks at hand correctly and to the satisfaction of the patient and the nurse. â€Å"Feedback and follow-up can be as simple as a thank you for a job well done† (Hansten Jackson p. 8). â€Å"Evaluation and follow-up of the activity means that you oversee the performance and offer feedback to the delegate in terms of an appraisal of his or her performance† (Hansten Jackson p. 7). Evaluation of the performance is also important for problem solving and problem resolution.In conclusion, as we practice health care together as a team, and the demands of the patients continue to rise, delegating to the nursing assistants direct and indirect patient care helps to allow the nurse to provide the nursing duties that cannot be delegated. Again, the delegation of patient care helps to improve patient outcomes and increases satisfaction for the patient and the nurse (Snyder et al, 2004). References Anthony, PhD, RN, CS, M. K. , Vidal, K. (2010 May). Mindful Communication: A Novel Approach to Improving Delegation and Increasing Patient Safety. Issues in Nursing, 15(2). http//search. proquest. om. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/763483465? accountid=35812. Hansten, R. I. Jackson, M. (2009). Clinical Delegation Skills: A Handbook for Professional Practice (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Reinhard, S. C. (2010 Winter). A Case for Nurse Delegation Explores a New Frontier in Consumer-Directed Care. Generations, 34(4). http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/858458298? accountid=35812. Snyder, RN, MSN, CCRN, D. A. , Medina, RN, MS, J. S. , Bell, RN, MSN, L. Wavra, RN, MSN, CCRN, CCNS (2004). AACN Delegation Handbook (2nd ed. ).